[79][80], "Siachen" redirects here. "[This quote needs a citation], The line between where Indian and Pakistani troops are presently holding onto their respective posts is being increasingly referred to as the Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL).[53][54]. The Indians heard of the Pakistani order and promptly ordered twice as many outfits as the Pakistanis and then rushed their soldiers to Siachen. [51][55] In an eleven-year period, the glacier had receded nearly 800 metres,[56] and in seventeen years about 1700 metres. [54] The Indian army is said to have planned a "Green Siachen, Clean Siachen" campaign to airlift the garbage from the glacier, and to use biodigestors for biodegradable waste in the absence of oxygen and freezing temperatures. On 25 June 1987 Indian Army under the leadership of Brig. The Saltoro Ridge originates in the north from the Sia Kangri peak on the China border in the Karakoram range. Official figures for maintaining these outposts are put at ~$300 and ~$200million for India and Pakistan respectively. The line between the two nations was demarcated up to point NJ9842 at the foot of the Siachen Glacier, in the extreme north of both countries. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. This operation led by the Pakistan Army led to the first armed clash on the glacier on 25 April 1984. Siachen Glacier Leh Ladakh - Largest Glacier in the World | Ladakh Tour Effects of climate change were being felt as well, as faster-melting snows made living near the ice more hazardous. [3][17] Between 1984 and 1999, frequent skirmishes took place between India and Pakistan. R. K. Nanavatty launched an artillery attack on Kauser Base, the Pakistani logistical node in Chumik and successfully destroyed it. 1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown, hit Pakistan's Gayari military base, killing 129 soldiers and 11 civilians, avalanche hit a Pakistani military headquarters, "The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World", "Defence Minister Rajnath Singh Bonds With Soldiers At Siachen Over Jalebi", "Rajnath Singh visits Siachen to review security situation, pays tribute to martyrs - PICS", 846 Indian soldiers have died in Siachen since 1984 Rediff.com News, "Six dead after avalanche hits Army positions in Northern Siachen", "In Siachen 869 army men died battling the elements", "India and Pakistan Agree to Cease-Fire in Kashmir", "How a tiny line on a map led to conflict in the Himalaya", "UN Map showing CFL UN document number S/1430/Add.2", "CFL marked on U.N. Map superimposed on satellite image", Facts vs bluff on Siachen, Kayani's suggestion worth pursuing, "Outside magazine article about Siachen battleground", "Kumar's line vs Hodgson's line: The 'Lakshman rekha' that started an India-Pakistan fight", "How India got Hodgson's Line erased and won the race to Siachen", "The 'cartographic nightmare' of the Kashmir region, explained", "Siachen Glacier: Battling on the roof of the world", "Securing the heights; The vertical dimension of the Siachen conflict between India and Pakistan in the Eastern Karakoram", "846 Indian soldiers have died in Siachen since 1984", "For the first time, the leaders of India and Pakistan seem close to finding a solution to the Kashmir problem", "THE COLDEST WAR; Frozen in Fury on the Roof of the World", "Demilitarization of the Siachen Conflict Zone", Confirm ground position line on Siachen: BJP, "In Siachen, Dhruv proves a world-beater", "India Installs World's Highest Phone Booth Soldiers Fighting Along Kashmir Glacier Can Now Call Families, Army Says", "Pakistan declares Siachen avalanche buried dead", "Siachen: Pakistan declares buried troops dead after 52 days Hindustan Times", "PM Modi visits Siachen, meets soldiers on Diwali", "US army chief's visit adds milestone to Indo-US ties", "Tribute to Siachen heroes Reviewd by Geetu Vaid", "Siachen war comes alive in a comic book", "Valour of Siachen jawans now in a comic strip", "An illustrated, literary salute to our warriors at Siachen glacier", "Siachen avalanche kills 3 Indian, 8 Pak soldiers", "50 Indian soldiers die in Siachen in 3 yrs", "Indian army officers killed in Siachen fire BBC News", "Pakistan resumes search for 135 buried by avalanche", "Huge search for trapped Pakistani soldiers", "Pakistan army chief urges India on glacier withdrawal BBC News", "Two soldiers killed in Siachen landsliding", "Six Army soldiers killed in Siachen avalanche, one missing", "Army Captain dies in avalanche in Siachen glacier, 15 soldiers rescued", "Siachen avalanche kills four Indian Army soldiers Firstpost", "Siachen avalanche: Army declares all trapped soldiers dead; PM Modi pays condolences", "Indian Army thanks Pakistan for offering help in Siachen rescue", "Siachen avalanche survivor Lance Naik Hanamanthappa passes away", "Another tragedy at Siachen as army porter falls to death | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis", "TN Army Village Loses Another Jawan in Siachen", "Siachen avalanche: Lance Havildar Bhawan Tamang killed, another soldier missing", "Army Chief Visits Siachen Glacier After 17 Casualties in 3 Months Due to Avalanches", "Siachen avalanche tragedy: Names of deceased soldiers released", "2 More Bodies Found At Ladakh Avalanche Site, Number Of Dead Rise To 7", "Two soldiers killed as avalanche hits Army patrol in Siachen", "2 Army soldiers killed in avalanche in Siachen", Siachen Glacier Highest Battlefield Of The World, "The vertical dimension of the Siachen conflict", 2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing, Director General Armed Forces Medical Services, Department of Defence Research and Development, Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War, Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait, Defence Research and Development Organisation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siachen_conflict&oldid=1157211602, Operations involving Pakistani special forces, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018, Articles with incomplete citations from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, 1,100+ dead (including non-combat fatalities) after initial conflict, This page was last edited on 27 May 2023, at 03:11. President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari also visited an area near the Siachen Glacier called Gayari Sector during 2012 with Pakistan Army Chief Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. "I bought the German's map and sent it straight to the director general of military operations," says Col Kumar, then in charge of the Indian army's mountain warfare school. Siachen Glacier is located in which district? Even before then, more soldiers were killed every year due to severe weather conditions than enemy fire. Indian Army under Brig. The area including the Siachen Glacier was inaccessible and thus left unmapped. [8][7][97], From 18 to 30 November 2019, 6 Indian soldiers and 2 Indian civilians porters were killed as result of an avalanche in the northern and southern part of Siachen glacier.[98][99]. 1999 Kargil war was also an attempt to restrict supply route to Ladakh and Siachen. This, in turn, reinforced the Pakistani claim on the area, as these expeditions arrived on the glacier with a permit obtained from the Government of Pakistan. The Siachen Glacier (Hindi Urdu ) with all major passes, is currently under the administration of India since 1984 and forms part of the Leh district of the Ladakh division. India over the years has built permanent positions on ground. Having become aware of US military maps and the permit incidents, Colonel Narendra Kumar, then commanding officer of the Indian Army's High Altitude Warfare School, mounted an Army expedition to the Siachen area as a counter-exercise. For this purpose units from Pakistan Army SSG (1st and 3rd battalions) assembled a major task force at the newly constructed Khaplu garrison. [citation needed], The Indian army controls all of the 76 kilometres (47mi) and 2553sq km area long Siachen Glacier and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as all the main passes and heights of the Saltoro Ridge[47] immediately west of the glacier, including Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong Lathus holding onto the tactical advantage of high ground. Like Atlas Obscura and get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed. And the following year he wrote up his expedition in a mountaineering magazine, in effect staking India's claim. Over 3 miles up in the Himalayas this pass is one of the highest drivable roads in the world. [72] Ignoring protests from Pakistan, India maintains that it does not need anyone's approval to send trekkers to Siachen, in what it says is essentially its own territory. Siachen Glacier & The Hidden Treasures of Glacier in India [MAP] 2023 Video, Designer can refuse gay couples, top US court says, Florida murder suspect arrested after 40 years, Rescuers amputate leg of woman stuck in travelator, Two dead as man opens fire at Moldova airport, Finland minister resigns over Nazi references, Mossad says it abducted hitman from inside Iran. General Ved Prakash Malik, in his book Kargil from Surprise to Victory, wrote: Siachen is considered a military setback by the Pakistan Army. The nearest civilian settlement is Warshi, a small village about 10 miles downstream from the Indian base camp. Omissions? The Indus is used for drinking and irrigation. He interacted with the Indian soldiers deployed in Siachen and commended their courage. [6][7][8][9] Pakistan maintains a territorial claim over the Siachen Glacier[10] and controls the region west of Saltoro Ridge, lying west of the glacier,[11] with Pakistani posts located 3,000ft below more than 100 Indian posts on the ridge.[12][13]. The Siachen Glacier is considered the worlds highest battleground, with India and Pakistan fighting there since 1984. Hamad Pak Study Mcqs 16/07/2021. [3] U.S. and Pakistani maps in the 1970s and 1980s consistently showed a dotted line from NJ9842 (the northernmost demarcated point of the India-Pakistan cease-fire line, also known as the Line of Control) to the Karakoram Pass,[14][15][16] which India believed to be a cartographic error and in violation of the Simla Agreement. [68][pageneeded], On 12 June 2005, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh became the first Indian Prime Minister to visit the area, calling for a peaceful resolution of the problem. The 1949 Karachi agreement only carefully delineated the line of separation to point NJ9842, after which, the agreement states, the line of separation would continue "thence north to the glaciers". Pak Study Mcqs , Get Complete Mcqs of Pakistan Studies for NTS,FPSC, PPSC,SPSC,CSS,PMS Test Preparation. The place that allegedly inspired James Hilton's depiction of Shangri-La. Minimum winter temperatures range from 20 to 40 C (4 to 40 F). Both countries claim sovereignty over the entire Siachen region. [64][pageneeded] In 2012, an avalanche hit Pakistan's Gayari military base, killing 129 soldiers and 11 civilians. Basic Information About Pakistan Here are the Different Categories related to PakStudy Mcqs. But though both sides are now better at coping with the extreme environment, it still claims the lives of dozens of soldiers each year. It lies on the northeast of the northernmost point of the Line of Control between Pakistan and India in the disputed Kashmir region. Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. The Siachen conflict, sometimes referred to as the Siachen Glacier conflict or the Siachen War, was a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed 1,000-square-mile (2,600 km 2) [12] Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir. [46] TIME states that the Indian advance captured nearly 1,000 square miles (2,600km2) of territory claimed by Pakistan. It also enables India to monitor the Gilgit and Baltistan regions of Pakistan. Pakistani Army held Qaid post overlooked Bilafond La area and offered an excellent vantage point to view Indian Army activities. For the military conflict over this area, see, Location of the Siachen Glacier within the greater, From map: "THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES ON THIS MAP MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE", From map: "THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE", Siachen Glacier is 76km (47mi) long; Tajikistan's, second-longest in the world's non-polar areas, as is done when determining river lengths, Defence Research and Development Organisation, International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation, International Union for Conservation of Nature, "The Himalayas War at the Top of the World", "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India Opinions", "Siachen dispute: India and Pakistan's glacial fight", "India gained control over Siachen in 1984", "In landmark move, PM Imran unveils 'new political map' of Pakistan", "Life & death in world's highest combat zone", "Siachen deaths harden resolve to hold glacier: Army chief", "Kumar's line vs Hodgson's line: The 'Lakshman rekha' that started an India-Pakistan fight", "How India got Hodgson's Line erased and won the race to Siachen", "The 'cartographic nightmare' of the Kashmir region, explained", "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Opinions", "Siachen height provides military depth India can't afford to lose | India News", "Story of Saltoro From Ababeel to Meghdoot", "Avalanche buries Pakistan base; 117 soldiers feared dead", "Bleeding in Siachen: Pakistan losing 30 soldiers a year on highest battlefield", "Rescue operations at Gayari Sector after Pakistan avalanche, Photo Gallery", "33 Indian soldiers killed in Siachen since 2012: govt", "In Siachen, 869 Army men died battling the elements", "Won't vacate Siachen, we can't trust Pakistan, says Manohar Parrikar | India News", "Here's how ISRO's space technology can save lives of soldiers at Siachen", "Kashmir's Siachen glacier a frigid outpost in India-Pakistan conflict", "Demilitarization of the Siachen Conflict Zone: Concepts for Implementation and Monitoring", "India must continue to hold on to Siachen: Bikram Singh, Army Chief General", "Army should stay put in Siachen, says General Bikram Singh", "846 Indian soldiers have died in Siachen since 1984", "Siachen: While the battle continues to rage, no settlement is in sight", "Siachen glacier: Indian troops repulse major Pakistani offensive", "Army opposes Pakistan's demand for troop withdrawal from Siachen Glacier Indian Express", "UN Map showing CFL as per Karachi Agreement UN document number S/1430/Add.2", "Why India cannot afford to give up Siachen", "Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry for Glacier Movement Studies", "Exchange Siachen confrontation for peace", "Military activity leads to melting of Siachen glaciers", "Environmental peacemaking: Ending conflict between India and Pakistan on the Siachen Glacier through the creation of a transboundary peace park", "Siachen tragedy day 5: Bad weather dogs avalanche search efforts", "16 Things You Should Know About India's Soldiers Defending Siachen", "How a tiny line on a map led to conflict in the Himalaya", "Pakistan wants resolution of Siachen issue: Kayani", India hits back at Pak over Siachen issue, "Out of the box ideas for glacier: Siachen could become bio reserve or peace park", "Sites deferred by the Committee which may merit re-nomination", "US expert at Sandia wants Siachen converted into Science Centre", TIME Asia's cover story on Siachen Glacier (July 11, 2005), Video about the Conflict in the Siachen area and its consequences, Outside magazine article about Siachen battleground, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siachen_Glacier&oldid=1157218830, This page was last edited on 27 May 2023, at 04:31. Despite a few subsequent skirmishes between Indian and Pakistani forces, India retained control. The ambiguity of the glacier's location has made it prone to territorial claims by both sides, who consider its possession "a matter of national prestige," according to the study's author, Kristin Smith, an independent researcher and . Unusually for the normally secretive Indian Army, the news and photographs of this expedition were published in The Illustrated Weekly of India, a widely circulated popular magazine. It is one of the largest glaciers in the Karakoram and the longest glacier in the Karakoram Range. The Siachen Glacier is a glacier located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas at about , just northeast of the point NJ9842 where the Line of Control between India and Pakistan At 76 km (47 mi) long, it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas. Haseeb97/cc by-sa 4.0 Since 1984, Indian and Pakistani. Pakistan Army, in turn, learned of the presence of Ladakh Scouts on the passes during a helicopter recon mission. Because Siachen is a temperate-zone glacier, it generates a great deal of runoff during ablation season, causing the Nubra to carry a heavy load of sediment. [43], May 1995: Battle of Tyakshi Post: Pakistan Army NLI units attacked Tyakshi post at the very southern edge of the Saltoro defense line. Pervez Musharraf had himself once commanded the Special Services Group (SSG) troops in this area and made several futile attempts to capture Indian posts.[55]. At 76 kilometers, the Siachen Glacier is Karakoram Ranges longest glacier and the worlds second-longest non-polar glacier. [4][45][46][47][48] According to the Indian stance, the line of separation should continue roughly northwards along the Saltoro Range to the west of the Siachen glacier beyond NJ9842;[49] international boundary lines that follow mountain ranges often do so by following the watershed drainage divide[43] such as that of the Saltoro Range. [73] In addition, the Indian Army's Army Mountaineering Institute (AMI) functions out of the region. "[57] Stephen P. Cohen compared the conflict to "a struggle between two bald men over a comb. [78], In 2013, 10 Indian soldiers died due to weather conditions. The Siachen is just the coldest of several fronts in the frozen conflict over Kashmir, with neither India or Pakistan prepared to take the first step. It appeared the Americans had cartographically ceded a large chunk of the eastern Karakoram to Pakistan, including the Siachen glacier. The Siachen region is strategically important for India because it separates Pakistan from China. The conflict was started in 1984 by India's successful capture of the Siachen Glacier as part of Operation Meghdoot, and continued with Operation Rajiv in 1987. In the late 1970s Col. Narinder (Bull) Kumar, a mountaineer in the Indian Army, saw a U.S.-drawn map of northern Kashmir that showed the Siachen Glacier as part of Pakistan. The same day, a single avalanche hit a Pakistani military camp in Bevan sector, killing 8 soldiers. The winter snowfall is over 1,000 cm, with the area experiencing high-speed winds and avalanches. 1. It originates from the SiaKangri in the Karakoram Range and is approximately 72 Km in length. Both troops depend on glacial ice as the main source of water for their livelihood. But thanks to the previously obtained intelligence, India launched Operation Meghdoot just 48 hours before the Pakistani assault. It lies in the Karakoram Range of mountains at . But from the 2003 ceasefire up until the present day, things remained much as they had before, with India in control of the Siachen Glacier and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as all the main passes and ridges of the Saltoro Ridge. The glacier lies between the Saltoro Ridge immediately to the west and the main Karakoram range to the east. Siachen, which figures among the world's largest mountain glaciers, is on the Line of Control (LoC), which marked the ceasefire line after the 1947-48 war between the two countries in their first war. Siachen Glacier - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia However, both countries have lost more soldiers to the harsh climate than the conflict itself. [54] The study of satellite images of the glacier showed that the glacier is retreating at a rate of about 110 metres a year and that the glacier size has decreased by almost 35 percent. [70][71], Since September 2007, India has welcomed mountaineering and trekking expeditions to the forbidding glacial heights. "With all the money we have spent in Siachen, we could have provided clean water and electricity to half the country," says the former Indian army officer. There are numerous negotiations between both parties but have shown no significant progress, the process was further complicated when Pakistan violated ceasefire line in 1999 and built bunkers on Indian side and started artillery fire on Indian strategic highways resulting in 1999 Kargil War. Siachen Glacier is located in which district? [57] The Siachen Glacier is located in Northern Ladakh in the eastern Karakoram Range of the Himalayas. [88] Pakistani officials offered their help in search and rescue operations 30 hours after the incident, although it was declined by Indian military authorities. The Siachen Glacier lies between the Saltoro Ridge, a subrange of the Karakorams, to the west and the main Karakoram Range to the east. The Shyok in turn joins the 3000 kilometre-long Indus River which flows through Pakistan. Despite attempts at finally ending this uneasy status quo, both sides still maintain a presence of about 3,000 troops each. A retired Pakistani colonel later admitted they had blundered by using the same store as the Indians. [24] The extension of this line "thence north to the glaciers" never appeared on any authoritative map associated with either the 1948 or 1972 agreements, just in the text. The entire Siachen Glacier, with all major passes, has been under the administration of India as part of the union territory of Ladakh, located in the Kashmir region since 1984. India / Pakistan This disputed mass of ice is home to the highest battleground on Earth. Siachen Glacier - India / Pakistan - Atlas Obscura [12], Further attempts to reclaim positions were launched by Pakistan in 1990, 1995, 1996 and even in early 1999, just prior to the Lahore Summit. [59] In 2001 India laid oil pipelines (about 250 kilometres long) inside the glacier to supply kerosene and aviation fuel to the outposts from base camps. The UN document number S/1430/Add.2. CHILD, Greg. Winner will be selected at random on 08/01/2023. The conflict has resulted in thousands of deaths, mostly due to natural hazards. India took control of the 70-kilometre-long (43mi) Siachen Glacier and its tributary glaciers, as well as all the main passes and heights of the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier, including Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La. [67], The flora and fauna of the Siachen region are also affected by the huge military presence. In 1978 this expedition climbed Teram Kangri II, claiming it as a first ascent in a typical "oropolitical" riposte. [52], The glacier was uninhabited before 1984, and the presence of thousands of troops since then has introduced pollution and melting to the glacier. [82], On 29 May, two Pakistani soldiers were killed in a landslide in the Chorbat Sector. Lower elevations receive about 75 to 150 cm (30 to 60 inches) of snow per year, while higher elevations receive more than 1,000 cm (about 400 inches) of snow. Pak Study Mcqs. [27] According to official records, only 220 Indian soldiers have been killed by enemy bullets since 1984 in Siachen area. Since 1984, Indian and Pakistani forces have been occupying posts on or near the Siachen Glacier, a 47-mile-long glacier in the Himalayas. Most of the Siachen region was thus demarcated, but the line ended at map coordinate NJ 9842, about 60 km (37 miles) south of the tri-border of the two countries with China. [22] Pakistan lost 353 soldiers in various operations recorded between 2003 and 2010 near Siachen, including 140 Pakistanis killed in the 2012 Gayari Sector avalanche. The major passes on this ridge are, from north to south, Sia La at 5,589m (18,336ft), Bilafond La at 5,450m (17,880ft), and Gyong La at 5,689m (18,665ft). But what started as a battle with crampons and climbing rope has turned into high-altitude trench warfare, with the two rival armies frozen - often literally - in pretty much the same positions as 30 years ago. The post was renamed Bana Post in his honour. An innovative attempt to break a siege in the American Civil War still scars the earth today. Most of India's many outposts are west of the Siachen Glacier along the Saltoro Range. In Pakistan, Siachen is a subject that hurts, just like a thorn in its flesh; it is also a psychological drain on the Pakistani Army. Mixed Emotions: Mountaineering Writings, p. 147. The 1970s and 1980s US and Pakistani maps contained a dotted line on the LoC from NJ9842 to Karakoram Pass. Including all tributary glaciers, the Siachen Glacier system covers about 700km2 (270sqmi). However, until the 1970s the region was unpopulated. [citation needed], The conflict in Siachen stems from the incompletely demarcated territory on the map beyond the map coordinate known as NJ9842 (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}350030N 770032E / 35.008371N 77.008805E / 35.008371; 77.008805). [27][pageneeded] These were early moves in this particular game of oropolitics. The Siachen Glacier lies immediately south of the great drainage divide that separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indian subcontinent in the extensively glaciated portion of the Karakoram sometimes called the "Third Pole". The glacier itself, meanwhile, continues to suffer from all this human activity. India took control of around 1,000 square miles of territory during its military operations in Siachen. The Siachen Glacier lies to the south of the great drainage divide that separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indian subcontinent in the glaciated portion of the Karakoram. [25] In December 2015, Indian Union Minister of State for Defence Rao Inderjit Singh said in a written reply in the Lok Sabha that a total of 869 Army personnel have died on the Siachen glacier due to climatic conditions and environmental and other factors from the date that the Army launched Operation Meghdoot in 1984. Siachen is a symbol of the worst aspects of their relationship."[57]. A fatal avalanche at Siachen Glacier in September 2012 (with Pakistani flag on top of debris). No purchase necessary. But at first, he complains, Indian generals would not take him seriously. [39] Pakistan controls the glacial valleys immediately west of the Saltoro Ridge. And both sides publish different maps depicting their version of the geography. Answer at BYJU'S IAS IAS Questions IAS Geography Questions In Which State Is The Siachen Glacier Located In which state is the Siachen glacier located? Following the UN-mediated ceasefire in 1949, the line between India and Pakistan was demarcated up to point NJ9842 at the foot of the Siachen Glacier. In Which State is the Siachen Glacier Located? - BYJU'S Exam Prep [86], On 4 January 2016, four Indian soldiers of the Ladakh Scouts, were killed in an avalanche on the Southern Glacier while on patrol duty in Nobra Valley. [36], June July 1987: Operation Rajiv: Over the next three years, with Indian troops positioned at the critical passes, Pakistan Army attempted to seize heights overlooking the passes. [18][19] Indian troops under Operation Meghdoot pre-empted Pakistan's Operation Ababeel by just one day to occupy most of the dominating heights on Saltoro Ridge to the west of Siachen Glacier. In 1949, military representatives of India and Pakistan signed the U.N.-mediated Karachi Agreement, establishing a cease-fire line in Kashmir following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. [32] This line was replicated on US, Pakistani and other maps in the 1970s and 1980s,[33][34][35] which India believed to be a cartographic error.[29]. [71] Both of them showed their commitment to resolve the Siachen conflict as early as possible. P. C. Katoch, Col. Konsam Himalaya Singh seized control of pt 5770 (Naveed Top/Cheema Top/Bilal Top) in the southern edge of the Saltoro defense line from Pakistan troops. In response to these developments, Pakistan Army initiated an operation using troops from the Special Services Group and Northern Light Infantry to displace the three hundred or so Indian troops on the key passes. According to a study conducted by the Pakistani Meteorological Department, the glacier size has reduced by about 35% and currently decreasing by 110 meters annually.

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